Cho x,y,z khác 2 và thỏa mãn: 2a=by+cz; 2b=ax+cz; 2c=ax+by
Tính \(A=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
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Có nhiều cách làm bài này.
Có \(2a+2b+2c=by+cz+a.x+cz+a.x+by\)
\(2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\left(a.x+by+cz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=a.x+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{a}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{y+2}=\frac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
Vậy ...
\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
+) Xét \(a+b+c+d=0\)
Suy ra :
\(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\)
\(c+a=-\left(b+d\right)\)
\(d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\)
Do đó : \(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{c+b}\)
\(M=\frac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}+\frac{-\left(d+a\right)}{d+a}+\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}\)
\(M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)\)
\(M=-4\)
+) Xét \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=4\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4a\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4b\) \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4c\) \(\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4d\) \(\left(4\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) và (4) suy ra \(4a=4b=4c=4d\) \(\left(=a+b+c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{b+b}{b+b}+\frac{c+c}{c+c}+\frac{d+d}{d+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=1+1+1+1=4\)
Vậy \(M=-4\) hoặc \(M=4\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Ta có :
\(2a+2b+2c=by+cz+ax+cz+ax+by\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c=ax+by+cz\)
+) \(a+b+c=ax+\left(by+cz\right)=ax+2a=a\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{a}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
+) \(a+b+c=by+\left(ax+cz\right)=by+2b=b\left(y+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{y+2}=\frac{b}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(2\right)\)
+) \(a+b+c=cz+\left(ax+by\right)=cz+2c=c\left(z+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{c}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(M=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(M=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
Vậy \(M=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Cộng vế với vế của ba đẳng thức ta đc :
\(x+y+z=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) (*)
Lấy (*) - (1) ta có : \(ax+by+cz-\left(by+cz\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x\)
<=> \(ax=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\Rightarrow a+1=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2x}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\)
CMTT với 1/b+1 và 1/c+1
=> ĐPCM
Ta có:
\(2a+2b+2c=by+cz+ax+cz+ax+by\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=ax+2a;a+b+c=by+2b;a+b+c=cz+2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{a}{a+b+c};\frac{1}{y+2}=\frac{b}{a+b+c};\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)
Ta có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}2a=by+cz\\2b=ax+cz\\2c=ax+by\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a+2b+2c=by+cz+ax+cz+ax+by\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a+2b+2c=2ax+2by+2cz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a+2b+2c-2ax-2by-2cz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-2ax\right)+\left(2b-2by\right)+\left(2c-2cz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a\left(1-x\right)+2b\left(1-y\right)+2c\left(1-z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1-x=0\\1-y=0\\1-z=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2}=1\)